Muscles of the Upper Face and Their Innervation
Label the muscles of the upper face Correctly identify the nerves of innervation for the forehead, the eye, and the glabellar.
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The structure of botulinum toxins:
Question: Botulinum toxins are potent neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. These toxins play a crucial role in blocking neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction. Let’s focus on the structure of botulinum toxins: Describe the composition of botulinum toxins. Botulinum toxins are synthesized as a single polypeptide chain. They are cleaved by clostridial or host proteases into two …
